What is HPV?
Papillomavirus infections are genitals that are sexually transmitted infections (IPP).Papillomavirus infections are Papilloma virus in humans (HPV).Papilloma virus in humans is a virus group, including about 100 different types.More than 30 types of HPV are transmitted through sex, the genitals and anus of women and men are infected.
Most people who are infected with their illness are not known, without clinical manifestations and moreover, can recover naturally.
Some of these viruses are called a high risk of cancer risk, which can cause precial genital damage.Recent studies have confirmed HPV's main role in the development of cervical cancer.HPV's high risk also plays a role in the appearance of vulva, vaginal cancer in women and penis cancer in men.High-risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 this type of HPV is responsible for 95-98% of cervical cancer cases.They cause an increase in abnormal cells, often flat and almost invisible during normal testing compared to benign warts, caused by low -risk viruses - 6, 11 types.Benign warts Anogenital appears 2 to 6 months after infection.Regarding the development of pre -cancer changes or cancer related to high risk of HPV, for many years will leave for many years and often a spontaneous treatment for HPV.
Infections are the most common between the ages of 15 and 40 and affect the same woman and men.By 50 years of life, about 80 percent of women will be infected with HPV.
About 50-75% of sexual activists are infected with HPV throughout their lives, and in most cases, infections do not cause disease and are naturally cured.
About 90% of HIV -infected people are also infected with HPV.
How is HPV transmitted
Papillomas infection in humans is transmitted through sex.Most of the infected people have no clear manifestations of the disease and therefore HPV carriers do not know about their infection and may infect their partners.Sometimes an infected mother can infect a newborn child while giving birth.This can lead to such papillomatosis of the babies' larynx.
Manifestations of infection
Most of the infected people do not know about it.HPV usually does not cause any manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes.A part of people developing sex warts or precancerous changes occurs in the cervix, vulva, anus or penis.Very rarely, these changes go directly to cancer.From infection to the development of severe dysplasia, on average, 20 years have passed.Most women are naturally cured for 9 to 15 months from the time of infection.The main manifestation of Papillomavirus infections is a sexor or pointed conditioner (VPV 6 and 11 is causing) - forming a soft wart on a thin leg, like a cabbage or a rooster with another position (penis head, penis, vagina, neck of the plateau.
Diagnosis of infection
Diagnosis of Condyl is done on the basis of testing.Diagnosis of the risk of HPV orange and related changes, a more difficult task.Diagnosis of precancerous cancer of the cervix on the basis of many people based on the cytological analysis of stains (studying stains under microscopes).However, it has some significant disadvantages - complexity, low sensitivity and high frequency of vague results.The US Commission for FDA (Food and Food Commission) has approved HPV research by the method of reaction of the Polymerase chain reaction - PCR, which can determine 13 high -risk types of HPV.PCR for HPV has high sensitivity, easy to implement.The common use of cytological and PCR tests can significantly increase the effectiveness of diagnosis, the sensitivity increases to 99 - 100%.It is important to determine the high risk of HPV that occurs a long time before the appearance of precancerous changes in mucous membranes.
High HPV PCR research is recommended:
- - Is the main method, in addition to cytology for women over 30 years old.
- - To solve suspicious results of cytological research.
- - Patients are treated for dysplasia or cancer.
- - At the first stage of diagnosis for countries where Papillomavirus infection programs are poorly organized.
- - To check men.
Can this healing?
The diagnosis and treatment of STI should be performed under the conditions of a specialized clinic - CVD, with all necessary vehicles for quick and accurate diagnosis.
There is no specific medicine against HPV today.There are many methods to remove Condyl, but the disease can return, because the virus is still in the human body.Relapse is possible in 25% of cases in 3 months after treatment.In Condyl treatment, a partner's test is necessary.However, the majority of sex partners infected with HPV and simply no clear manifestation of the disease.
The treatment of pre -cancer diseases is the use of chemicals, physics and other methods, to change the structure of the affected areas of mucous membranes, as well as the use of immune stimulating drugs.In the future, an annual cytotoxic study and identifying HPV is necessary by PCR.
What is the connection between HPV and cervical cancer?
Only truth:
- Papillomas virus is at high risk of cervical cancer.
- In cases of severe dysplasia (pre -cancer) and cervical cancer, HPV was detected in nearly 100% of cases.
- The determination of HPV is involved in a 250 -fold increase in the risk of severe dysplasia.
- Cervical cancer occupies the first among the causes of death in women in developing countries.
- Cervical cancer occupies 2nd place after breast cancer in women in the world 25,000 thousand annual deaths.
- In Russia, in the year, 12,300 women have cervical cancer and more than 6,000 patients die annually.
- Over the past 10 years, the average age of the patient has decreased from 58 to 55 years old.
- In women under 29 years old, the incidence has increased twice.
- HPV's high risk is due to cervical cancer in 100% of cases, anal cancer is 90%, vaginal cancer and vulva - 40%, penis cancer - 40% and cancer in 12% of cases.
- The American Cancer Association was predicted in 2004, in about 10,520 women will develop positive cervical cancer and about 3,900 women will die from the disease.Most women with active cervical cancer do not undergo appropriate tests for HPV infection.
Prevention of infection
The most firm way to prevent sexual infection is not to have sex with another individual.
Long -term sex with a permanent sex partner is not guaranteed 100% from HPV infection.It is difficult to determine if there is no special test, whether a sex partner is currently infected.
Men's condoms from Latex, with proper use, reduces the risk of infection.
Any manifestation, such as pain or discomfort when urinating, abnormal rash, discharge is a signal to stop sexual contact and immediately check in a specialized clinic.If the patient has been found by STI, he must notify his sex partners so that they will also undergo a complete test and appropriate treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of re -infection.